Management and Functions of Management

Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. It involves setting objectives, arranging resources, motivating employees, and ensuring tasks align with plans. These functions work together to coordinate efforts and drive success use in Management and Functions of Management.

Concept and Objectives of Management

Management is nothing but getting things done by other people with the help of optimum resources to achieve the desired goals. It is concerned with preparing, organizing, and directing human efforts toward the achievement of objectives use in Management and Functions of Management.

Harold Koontz says, “Management is the skill of getting things done by working with others in organized groups.”
F.W. Taylor believes that “Management is about knowing what needs to be done and making sure it is done in the most efficient and affordable way.”
George R. Terry describes management as a process that includes planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, combining both scientific and creative approaches to meet set goals.
According to Peter Drucker, management is a versatile function that not only oversees the business but also supervises both managers and employees, ensuring the work gets done use in Management and Functions of Management.

Objectives of Management

To unify the larger interests of labor management and ownership.
To unite higher wages with a reduction in labor costs.
To boost the consumer’s ability to buy goods and services.
To steady the level of employment of labor and capital
To reduce the cost of production.
To minimize labor problems.
To guarantee prompt delivery of goods.
To increase production without increasing capital investment in the same proportion.
To enhance the product’s quality.
To give higher rewards and incentives for the efficient performance of labor.
To improve the working conditions of workers and reduce fatigue.
To increase the standard of living of workers through the increase in wages use in Management and Functions of Management.

Principles of Management

Principles of Management by Henry Fayol:

Division of work, also known as delegation, involves breaking down complex, large, and difficult tasks into smaller parts to be handled by different teams. This helps reduce variation in tasks and allows skilled individuals to focus effectively on their assigned work use in Management and Functions of Management.
Authority and Responsibility: Authority is essential for getting work done through others. It is defined by one’s position, designation, and seniority. With authority comes equal responsibility—no one holds authority without also having responsibility.
Discipline: Any organization needs discipline for its smooth functioning. Discipline in time, behavior, work quality, obedience, and other areas is crucial in management.
Unity of command: It may be called a “one man-one boss”. But when higher authorities have more than one, then there is the possibility of different guidelines for the subordinates. This may create misunderstanding among workers. Hence unity in command should be observed.
Unity of direction: In giving direction to the subordinates, there must be uniqueness of direction.
There should be no confusion caused by changing directions constantly use in Management and Functions of Management.
Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: The interests of the team should be prioritized over personal interests. In case of a conflict, the team’s goals should be considered more important.
Fair Remuneration: Employees should be fairly compensated based on their qualifications, position, responsibilities, dedication, and experience to ensure their satisfaction.
Centralization of Authority: Centralization refers to the control of many functions by a single authority. It helps maintain unity within the organization, strengthens discipline, enhances market position, and supports brand development use in Management and Functions of Management.
Scalar Chain: Fayol defines the scalar chain as a line of authority, representing a hierarchy of superiors from the highest to the lowest levels in an organization.
Stability of Tenure: Management should offer job security to employees, allowing them to feel secure and focus on their work with greater concentration.
Initiative: Initiative is the act of starting something with enthusiasm. Without initiative, difficult tasks cannot be accomplished. To succeed in challenging or complex work, someone must take the first step.
Esprit de corps: It is related to teamwork. Communication is also essential in teamwork.

Levels of Management

Top-level management
Middle level
Lower level

1. Top management:
Also called a strategical level of Managers.
It is represented by i) Board of Directors ii) Chief Executive Officer iii) Chairman/President iv) Managing Director etc. They handle companywide overall functions.

2. Middle-level management:

Also called a Tactical level of managers.
This is a comparatively larger group of managers.
It is represented by i) Factory manager ii) Plant manager iii) Heads of Department iv) Senior Manager Their function is to to help Top management in strategic decisions use in Management and Functions of Management.

3. Lower-level Management:

Also called Operational level managers
It is represented by i) Shift in charge ii) Trainee Engineers iii) Sr. supervisors iv) Jr. managers They have direct responsibility for machinery and materials Functions of Management.

Planning

Forms of planning, Strategic levels, and Planning, Phases of Planning. Planning is the decision process. It involves making decisions regarding the direction of future actions.
Planning involves making decisions on the vision, mission, values, objectives, strategies, and policies of an organization. Planning is conducted for immediate, short-term, medium-term, and long-term durations. It is a guideline for execution/implementation. It is a measure to check the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization use in Management and Functions of Management.

Pre-tender Planning: This phase encompasses the activities from the invitation of tenders to the receipt of the submitted tenders. It involves the following key activities:

Finalisation of site.
Acquisition of site.
Planning of resources.
Determining the time limit of each work.

Post-tender planning: This planning is done when a tender is awarded to a contractor and actual
construction on site has begun use in Management and Functions of Management.

Post-tender planning activities include the following

Setting up of a camp office and allied matters.
Labour welfare amenities.
Procurement of required material.
Equipment procurement
Planning about safety measures to avoid accidents.
Following of Drawing/Design Specifications.
Billing
Finance

Decision Making:

Decision-making conditions, Basic types of Decision When running a business, making the right decisions can lead to success, while making the wrongs can fail. Making decisions correctly and within the given time is part of the skill. Nowadays, decision-making is not based only on judgments use in Management and Functions of Management.

The scientific methods, use of computers, mathematical models, and operation research concepts made decision-making quite an accurate and fast process.

The seven basic steps in effective decision-making are as follows:

Realize you need to decide: The first step is recognizing that a decision is necessary. Take a moment to think about what’s really going on and clearly define what you’re trying to solve or accomplish.
Gather what you need to know: To make a good choice, you’ll need information. Some of it might come from your own experiences or gut feelings, while other details may come from talking to people, reading up, or exploring different sources.
Think about your options: As you gather insights, you’ll naturally come across different ways to approach the situation. Write them down or keep a mental list of the choices you have use in Management and Functions of Management.
Picture the outcomes: Take some time to imagine how things might play out with each option. Ask yourself: Does this solve the problem? Does it feel right?
Pick the best path forward: After weighing everything, choose the option that feels like the best fit for you and the situation.
Take the leap: Now it’s time to act. Put your choice into motion with confidence and start making things happen use in Management and Functions of Management.
Reflect and tweak if necessary: After you’ve made your move, take a moment to see how things are shaping up. Did it work out the way you hoped? If yes, awesome! If not, no worries—you can always go back, rethink things, and try again.

Management Process | Functions of Management process

Importance of construction industry

The construction industry is essential for societal development, driving economic growth through job creation, GDP contribution, and infrastructure development.

It improves living standards by building critical facilities like roads, schools, and housing while enhancing disaster resilience. Emphasizing sustainability, it adopts eco-friendly practices and supports industries like manufacturing and real estate.

Growth Town and country planning Notes

Growth Town and country planning Notes, also known as urban planning or city planning, is a discipline that focuses on the design, development, and management of urban areas and their surrounding regions. It involves creating strategies and policies to guide the growth and development of towns, cities, and rural areas in a sustainable and organized manner.